Sepsis and Animal Bites

No matter how affectionate a pet can be, bites and scratches are always a possibility when you’re dealing with animals. Cleaning the wound well and perhaps applying antibiotic ointment often takes care of it, but sometimes, these bites and scratches can result in a bacterial infection.  According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, there are approximately 4.5 million dog bites in the United States over a year, and almost 800,000 people need medical care due to a bite. The site notes that children are most commonly bitten, even with dogs that they are familiar with and have interacted with before without incident. There are about 400,000 cat bites each year as well, but there are no statistics on other types of animal bites or scratches. Any of these bites or scratches could lead to sepsis.

Sepsis, which was often called blood poisoning, is the body’s life-threatening response to infection. Like strokes or heart attacks, sepsis is a medical emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment.

Suggested Citation:
Sepsis Alliance. Sepsis and Animal Bites. 2023. https://www.sepsis.org/sepsisand/animal-bites/

Updated November 13, 2023.

 

More About Animal Bites

Animal Bites

An animal bite that breaks your skin exposes you to multiple bacteria, from what is on your skin and in the animal’s mouth. If the bite barely breaks the skin, you have a better chance of cleaning the wound well and preventing infection. But deep bites are puncture wounds, and bacteria can go in deep with these types of bites.

Dog bites are the most common ones related to pets, but cat bites cause 10% to 20% of animal bites in the U.S. At first, they may not appear to cause as much damage as dog bites, but their smaller teeth and deep punctures can make it hard to clean out a wound properly.

Many households, especially with children, have pets like guinea pigs and hamsters. These animals can also bite and cause infections.

Signs of an infected bite may include:

  • Growing redness around the wound
  • Increasing pain
  • Oozing from the wound
  • Fever

If an animal bites you, it’s essential to check with the owner to ensure that the vaccinations are up-to-date. If not, see your doctor and explain which vaccinations the animal did not have. If you don’t know the animal that bit you, this should be reported to animal control in your area.

Scratches

All scratches, even human ones, can become infected. Signs of an infected scratch are similar to that of a bite.

Cat scratch disease is an illness literally caused by a cat’s scratch. The Bartonella henselae bacteria cause it. Although the infection can happen anytime throughout the year, it is more common in the fall and winter. If a cat scratches you, clean the wound well and watch for signs of infection. These include:

  • A small blister or pimple filled with pus (called a pustule) near the scratch
  • Fever
  • Enlarged lymph nodes

If you see any signs of infection, see your doctor as soon as possible to see if you need antibiotics.

If you have an animal bite or scratch, be sure to clean the wound thoroughly with warm running water. Keep the wound clean and dry until a scab forms to reduce the risk of infection.

People Who Are Immunosuppressed

If you have a suppressed immune system and you have a pet or are in contact with pets, be aware that bacterial infections can still spread even without evidence of a scratch or bite. Some people have become seriously ill after their pet licked them on an area where there was a break in their skin, such as a scrape or nick. Bacteria in a pet’s mouth, such as Capnocytophaga, may cause serious illness to people who are immunocompromised, and this can lead to sepsis. It is rare, but it is possible.

Related Resources

Information Guide

Bacterial Infections

  • To submit this form you are required to enter your first name, last name, a valid email address and your role.

Stephanie Lambert

On July 14, 2024, I stepped on a cat’s foot or tail and it bit me. Little did I know that despite seeking medical care and receiving my first antibiotic doses within 36 hours of the bite, that I would end up admitted to the hospital with secondary cellulitis and sepsis by the fifth day following the bite. (Sepsis and Animal Bites, Sepsis and Cellulitis) I was very fortunate that I made it to the hospital before I reached the point of having septic shock. Because the specific bacteria (Strep type A) was not identified until the third day of ... Read Full Story

Submit Your StoryView More Stories

M. Lee Fleming

Hi, My name is Lee and I’m a dog attack victim and a sepsis and septic shock survivor. I’m also a “DIC” and dry gangrene survivor. I have trouble comprehending why I am so blessed! (Sepsis and Animal Bites, Sepsis and Septic Shock, Sepsis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) My story began on Christmas Day, 2021 on a normal, daily walk with my wife and my two dogs through our neighborhood park. It was a beautiful, exceptionally warm Christmas in North Carolina when we left the house around 4:00pm. We strolled down through the park toward the water and as ... Read Full Story

Submit Your StoryView More Stories

Molly G.

Christmas Day 2013 I woke up not feeling good. I had been fighting horrible back pain for almost a year so it wasn’t unusual. We were supposed to join relatives for the day but we canceled so I went up to bed. A little later I tried to go downstairs for water but stumbled and when husband ask how I was I could only mumble. At that point he packed me up and took me to ER. They did not see any signs of illness except my mental state and high temperature. They began antibiotic IV and decided to intubate ... Read Full Story

Submit Your StoryView More Stories

Christine Caron

Can you imagine waking up in ICU, being informed you have been there for a month… and having no idea how you got there?! Spring 2013, I had not been feeling quite myself for months. I had been under some heavy stress in both my personal and professional life. I had an infected blemish on my face and reoccurring bronchitis. May 16th, I was playing tug’a’war outside with my dogs when one accidentally nipped my left hand. (Sepsis and Animal Bites) This was not an act of aggression. I properly cleaned and disinfect the tiny break in the skin. There ... Read Full Story

Submit Your StoryView More Stories

Roberta Beddows

Year 2016 my friends dog was choking on a bone. A very small dog, I picked her up and put my fingers in to get it out. On the way out I got a tiny cut and it bled. (Sepsis and Animal Bites) When I got home I disinfected my finger. Never thinking much about it, approximately 3 days later,  I was in a terrible state: temperature, delirious, vomiting, diarrhea, pain. I dragged myself to the hospital. Told them how I felt. Also about the little cut. They examined me and then sent me home. I could hardly stand. Taxi ... Read Full Story

Submit Your StoryView More Stories

Other Topics

Animal Bites